Ka kriminèl nan Peyi Ba yo: kijan li dewoule, etap pa etap?

A criminal case in the Netherlands passes through four main stages: the police investigation, the decision of the public prosecutor (officier van justitie), the court hearing and, if a party appeals, the appeal or cassation. Deadlines are short: an appeal must be lodged within fourteen days of the judgment. Our overview of sistèm jistis kriminèl Olandè a dekri enstitisyon ki enplike yo.

Kisa k ap pase pandan ankèt lapolis la?

Lapolis ap mennen ankèt sou ka a sou otorite pwokirè a. Pandan etap sa a, yo ka kesyone w, arete w epi mete w nan detansyon, epi yo ka aplike mezi kowòdinasyon tankou fouy ak sezi.

You have the right to consult a lawyer before you are questioned and to have a lawyer present during the interview. You are not obliged to answer questions. What you say ends up in the case file on which the prosecutor and the court later base their decisions.

Kisa pwokirè a ka deside?

Lè ankèt la fini, pwokirè a deside kisa k ap pase apre. Gen twa opsyon prensipal:

• Lage ka a. Sa rive lè pa gen ase prèv, oubyen pou rezon politik.
• Yon lòd pinitif (strafbeschikking). Pwokirè a trete ka a san tribinal epi li enpoze yon amann oswa yon lòt sanksyon. Yon lòd pinitif konte kòm yon konklizyon koupab.
• Yon somasyon. Yo rele w pou konparèt devan tribinal kriminèl la.

Poukisa ou ta dwe fè atansyon ak yon lòd pinitif?

Accepting a punitive order by simply paying it is a decision with consequences. The order is registered in the judicial documentation system and can affect your application for a Certificate of Good Conduct (Verklaring Omtrent het Gedrag, VOG). If you disagree, you lodge an objection (verzet) with the public prosecutor’s office named in the order. Under Article 257e of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Sv), the deadline is fourteen days after the order was handed to you in person; for a fine of up to €340 sent by post, it is six weeks. The case is then dealt with by a judge.

E si pwokirè a deside pa pouswiv lajistis?

Yon desizyon pou pa pouswiv pa toujou final. Yon pati ki dirèkteman enterese, tankou viktim nan, ka pote plent nan tribinal dapèl la dapre pwosedi Atik 12 la . Lè sa a, tribinal dapèl la ka bay pwokirè a lòd pou pouswiv apre tout.

Ki tribinal ki tande ka a?

Jij ki pral tande ka w la depann de gravite ak konpleksite li. Gen twa opsyon nan tribinal distri a:

• Jij tribinal polis la (politierechter). Yon sèl jij tande ka senp kote pwokirè a ap mande yon ane prizon nan maksimòm. Jij tribinal lapolis la prèske toujou rann jijman oralman, touswit apre odyans lan.
• Chanm twa jij la (meervoudige kamer). Ka ki pi grav oswa konplèks yo ale devan yon gwoup twa jij. Anjeneral, chanm sa a pa deside sou plas; jijman ekri a vini, anjeneral, nan katòz jou apre odyans lan.
• Jij tribinal sou-distri a (kantonrechter). Ti vyolasyon (overtredingen), tankou anpil vyolasyon trafik, ale devan jij tribinal soudistri a, ki anjeneral rann jijman an touswit apre odyans lan.

Kijan odyans tribinal la ap dewoule?

Odyans lan swiv yon lòd fiks. Jij la ouvri dosye a epi yo li akizasyon an. Apre sa, jij la poze w kesyon; ou pa oblije reponn. Apre sa, yo diskite sou prèv ki nan dosye a.

Apre sa, pwokirè a prezante ka a epi li fini ak demann kondanasyon an. Avoka w la reponn ak deklarasyon defans lan, apre sa pwokirè a ka reponn. Ou toujou gen dènye mo a anvan tribinal la delibere.

A victim may use the right to speak (spreekrecht) at the hearing and can claim compensation within the criminal case as an injured party.

Kijan tribinal la rive pran desizyon li?

Tribinal la reponn kat kesyon nan yon lòd fiks. Repons pou chak kesyon detèmine si tribinal la ap kontinye ak pwochen kesyon an:

1. Èske akizasyon an te pwouve?
2. Èske konduit ki pwouve a konstitye yon ofans kriminèl?
3. Èske akize a responsab kriminèlman?
4. Si se wi, ki santans oswa mezi ki apwopriye?

Si yo reponn premye kesyon an negatif, tribinal la libere w (vrijspraak). Si yo reponn dezyèm oswa twazyèm kesyon an negatif, tribinal la libere w de tout pouswit jidisyè (ontslag van rechtsvervolging). Se sèlman si yo reponn toule twa kesyon yo pozitivman tribinal la ap enpoze yon santans.

Èske ou ka fè apèl kont jijman an?

Wi. Ou dwe depoze yon apèl nan tribinal apèl la (gerechtshof) nan katòz jou apre jijman final la. Pwokirè a kapab fè apèl tou. Apre sa, tribinal apèl la revize ka a ankò, sou reyalite yo ak sou lalwa. Nan kèk ka minè, tribinal apèl la dwe premye bay pèmisyon anvan apèl la ka kontinye.

Kont jijman tribinal apèl la, ou ka depoze yon apèl an kasasyon nan Lakou Siprèm nan (Hoge Raad), ankò nan yon delè katòz jou. Lakou Siprèm nan pa re-evalye reyalite yo. Li sèlman egzamine si lalwa a te byen aplike epi si jijman an te byen motive.

Kisa ou ta dwe verifye antanke sispèk?

As a suspect, your first decisions are taken at the police station and when you receive a punitive order or summons. Check these points:

• Have you consulted a lawyer before the police interview, and is a lawyer present during it?
• Have you received the written statement of your rights and, where needed, an interpreter?
• Does a punitive order you received state the correct facts, and when does the fourteen-day objection period end?
• Will a conviction or punitive order affect a Certificate of Good Conduct (VOG) you need for work or a permit?
• Has the date of the judgment been noted, so that the fourteen-day appeal deadline is not missed?

Kisa ou ta dwe verifye antanke viktim?

As a victim you are not a party to the prosecution, but you have your own rights in the case. Check these points:

• Have you filed a report (aangifte) with the police and kept a copy?
• Have you joined the proceedings as an injured party (benadeelde partij) and documented your damage with invoices and receipts?
• Do you want to use your right to speak at the hearing, and have you told the public prosecutor’s office in time?
• If the prosecutor decides not to prosecute, have you considered an Article 12 complaint to the court of appeal?

Kisa nou ka fè pou ou nan yon ka kriminèl?

Nou avoka kriminèl assist suspects and victims from the first police contact to the Supreme Court:

• We advise you before and during the police interview at the station.
• We review a punitive order and lodge the objection (verzet) within the fourteen-day deadline.
• We study the case file and request additional investigation or witnesses from the prosecutor or court.
• We prepare and deliver the defence plea at the hearing.
• We lodge an appeal or cassation within fourteen days and draft the grounds.
• For victims, we prepare the injured-party claim and an Article 12 complaint.

Rezime

• Yon ka kriminèl kòmanse depi ankèt lapolis la, rive nan desizyon pwokirè a, rive nan yon odyans tribinal, e petèt yon apèl ak kasasyon.
• Ou gen dwa gen yon avoka anvan ak pandan entèwogasyon lapolis la, epi ou pa oblije reponn kesyon.
• A punitive order counts as a finding of guilt and can affect a VOG; the objection deadline is fourteen days, or six weeks for small fines sent by post.
• Jij tribinal lapolis la tande ka ki pi senp yo ki mande yon dire maksimòm yon ane epi anjeneral li deside sou plas; chanm twa jij la deside pita, alekri.
• Yo dwe depoze apèl ak kasasyon nan yon delè katòz jou.

Kesyon yo poze souvan